| They dress like they're going to the gym. They | | | | difference between being in or out of fashion, high |
| have undercuts and spiky hair. They have a few | | | | or low in sub cultural capital, correlates in complex |
| tattoos, hidden from their parents view. They | | | | ways with degrees of media coverage, creation |
| listen to R&B and rap. They hang out in garages, | | | | and exposure'. In regards to the aforementioned |
| playing cards, swearing and smoking pot. Their | | | | subculture, commercial news and the content of |
| ideology of masculinity is a man that won't take | | | | their broadcasting are discussed often amongst |
| 'no' for an answer, has control over his 'Mrs.'s' and | | | | each other. They are in passionate resistance to |
| can stand up for himself. They speak with slang | | | | the negative portrayal of their subculture. It can |
| derived from the African American slang, with a | | | | be argued therefore that due to the fact that |
| few Arabic words here and there. They drive | | | | their subculture is used as the 'topic of the day' |
| fast, done up cars with controversial personalized | | | | so readily, that this actually encourages them to |
| number plates. Females are not welcome in this | | | | become increasingly rebellious against the |
| gathering nor are adults. Who are they? They are | | | | 'mainstream' and forms of authority. |
| the Lebanese youth. Their offshoot, 'hanging out', | | | | The convertibility of cultural capital into economic |
| is the symbolic axis and working social hub. This | | | | capital is what ultimately defines cultural capital. |
| subculture is heavily reliant on being 'in the know'- | | | | Whilst sub cultural capital may not convert into |
| on being cool, calm and dangerous. If one were to | | | | economic capital, in being a market niche, with the |
| describe the social culture of this group, it would | | | | same ease or financial reward as cultural capital, a |
| have to be 'coolness'. But what is this cultural | | | | variety of occupations or increased capital for |
| value? How is it embodied? How is it displayed? | | | | existing occupations can be gained as a result of |
| Why it is so important to the Lebanese youth? | | | | 'coolness'. American clothes designers, especially |
| What are its social uses, its demographics, its | | | | sportswear designers, such as Nike and Adidas, |
| biases and discriminations? | | | | American artists of hip-hop, rap and R&B and sad |
| They belong to a unitary culture. They maintain | | | | to say drug dealers all make a living from their |
| the same dress codes, dance styles, music | | | | sub cultural capital. |
| genres and catalogue of authorized and illicit rituals. | | | | Sub cultural capital is not as class-bond as cultural |
| They are a subculture from an ethnic culture. | | | | capital, even though it converts into economic |
| They generally congregate on the basis of shared | | | | capital. Class does not correlate in any |
| ethnicity and ideology, their consumption of the | | | | uninterrupted way with levels of youthful sub |
| same media and, most importantly, their | | | | cultural capital. For instance, it would not be |
| preference for youth of the same ethnicity to | | | | uncommon for a Lebanese boy that was raised in |
| themselves. | | | | an area that was densely populated with |
| Taking part in this subculture builds affinities, | | | | Lebanese households, like Bankstown, to remain |
| socialising participants into knowledge of the likes | | | | dressing, acting and speaking in the same way if |
| and dislikes, meanings and values of the culture. | | | | he was to move to an area that was densely |
| This community will last for several years until | | | | populated with Anglo-Saxons and of a class. |
| these boys decide to settle down through | | | | Gender, after age, is the social difference along |
| primarily marriage. This subculture will then melt | | | | which sub cultural capital is aligned most analytically |
| into the 'mainstream'. | | | | to. Generally, the girls associated with this |
| The opposition of the 'mainstream' is undoubtedly | | | | subculture invest more of their time and identity |
| how many constituents of youth subcultures | | | | in doing well at school. The boys, in contrast, |
| characterize their own behaviour. However we | | | | spend more time and money on going out, |
| can't take youthful discourses literally; they are | | | | listening to music and 'hanging out with the boys'. |
| not a transparent window on the world. This is a | | | | The 'refusal of complicity' might be said to |
| constant mistake that has been made by cultural | | | | categorise the majority of Lebanese youth. These |
| studies. They have been inadequately critical of | | | | youth are not as anchored in their social place as |
| sub cultural ideologies, first, because they were | | | | those younger and older than themselves as they |
| preoccupied by the task of perforating and | | | | are not settled with a partner nor have they |
| challenging prevailing ideologies and, second, | | | | integrated into 'Australian culture'. By investing in |
| because they were biased and tended to | | | | this act of leisure, Lebanese youth further reject |
| correspond with the sub cultural discourses of the | | | | being fixed socially. They can postpone 'social |
| youth cultures they study. Academics have | | | | aging' or that 'slow renunciation or disinvestment' |
| acclaimed subcultures, while youth have | | | | which leads people to regulate their goals to their |
| celebrated the 'underground'. Where young people | | | | purposes, to support their state, become what |
| have condemned the 'commercial', scholars have | | | | they are and make do with what they have. |
| criticised 'hegemony'; where one has grieved over | | | | Acting as a barrier against social aging may be |
| 'selling out', the other has conceived 'incorporation'. | | | | one of the reasons as to why it is so attractive |
| Youth visualize their own and other social groups | | | | to people well beyond their youth. |
| through sub cultural ideologies, they declare their | | | | Lebanese youth can be seen as temporarily |
| idiosyncratic nature and assert that they are not | | | | taking pleasure in the taste of independence. |
| nameless affiliates of an undistinguished heap. The | | | | Freedom from necessity, therefore, does not |
| cultural theorists are not giving non-biased | | | | mean that youth have wealth so much that they |
| explanations of the way things really are, but | | | | are exempt from adult commitments to the |
| incorporate ideologies that fulfil their specific | | | | accumulation of economic capital. They simply |
| cultural agenda. One should therefore not simply | | | | reveal a methodical dedication, which allows |
| delve into the way of life of a cluster community, | | | | practises that are discouraged by the mainstream. |
| but consider the way they make 'meaning the | | | | The term 'subculture' is therefore useful as a |
| service of power'. | | | | means for analysing the position and experiences |
| The distinctions made by the Lebanese youth are | | | | of the Lebanese youth of Australia. Sub cultural |
| not simply affirmations of equal difference; they | | | | capital is the key player of a substitute chain of |
| entail a strong claim to authority and presume the | | | | command in which the affiliation of age, gender, |
| inferiority of others. They are challenge the | | | | sexuality and race are operational in order to |
| weight of, namely the police and laws established | | | | keep the resolves of class, income and occupation |
| by the government and see other sub cultural | | | | aside. Sub cultural capital discloses itself most |
| ethnic groups as inferior to them. | | | | clearly by what it dislikes and by what it definitely |
| Within this subculture, elevated levels of income | | | | isn't. The vast majority of Lebanese youth |
| and property do not associate with high levels of | | | | distinguish themselves against the mainstream |
| cultural capital, as the two often conflict. | | | | that, to some degree, can be seen to stand in for |
| Comments about the 'nouveau riche' reveal the | | | | the masses- this distance is a measure of their |
| likely frictions between those affluent in cultural | | | | cultural worth. Sub cultural ideology unconditionally |
| capital but fairly poor in economic capital (like | | | | gives alternative interpretations and values to |
| those Lebanese youth that are academics) and | | | | young peoples, particularly young men's. It |
| those rich in economic capital but less affluent in | | | | reinterprets the social world. The Lebanese youth |
| cultural capital (like professional football players). | | | | jockey for social power through these popular |
| Therefore, the third category-social capital-that | | | | distinctions; they are favouritisms by which |
| stems not from what you know or what you | | | | members are both given social statuses and |
| have, but from who know, can be attributed fore | | | | endeavour for a meaning of self-worth. This |
| mostly to the subculture of the Lebanese youth. | | | | perspective foresees popular culture as a |
| Connections in the form of friends, relations, | | | | multi-dimensional social space rather than as a flat |
| associations and acquaintances can all bestow | | | | culture or as simply the end of the social ladder. |
| status. 'Tell the boys that you know so and so | | | | The Lebanese youth should therefore not be |
| and watch them worship you'. | | | | categorised through their cultural differences as |
| The 'second nature' of their knowledge is a quality | | | | being 'resistances' to hierarchy or to the isolated |
| that members of this subculture must possess. | | | | cultural supremacy of some ruling body. They |
| Nothing diminishes capital more than the spectacle | | | | should be looked at as the microstructures of |
| of someone trying to hard. For example, a | | | | power entailed in the cultural competition that |
| subdued and pale looking Anglo Saxon male | | | | goes on between more closely associated social |
| attempting to act, dress and associate himself | | | | groups. |
| with the subculture of the Lebanese youth. | | | | For another great article on culture click here. |
| K. Gelder and S. Thornton argue that 'the | | | | |